Developmental Anomalies of Thyroid Gland, FNAC Based Study, In a Tertiary Care Hospital for Head and Neck Diseases

Developmental structural abnormalities of the Thyroid gland are relatively rare and can be categorized into; Agenesis of Thyroid gland, Dysgenesis of the Thyroid, Abnormalities due to persistence of the Thyroglossal Duct. The aim is to analyse clinicopathological aspects of Developmental anomalies of Thyroid at a Tertiary care hospital for Head and Neck diseases. An analysis of 2977 consecutive patients with Thyroid abnormalities subjected to FNAC was done and Developmental anomalies of Thyroid were detected and categorized by clinical examination, USG scan of Neck and FNAC diagnosis. Histopathological examination was done in available cases. Developmental anomalies of Thyroid were detected in 132 cases out of 2977 patients subjected to FNAC for diagnosis for Thyroid lesions. Incidence of Developmental anomalies of Thyroid was 4.4%.Thyroglossal duct cyst was present in 125 cases (94.6%) followed by Thyroid Heterotopia, 6 cases (4.5%) and Hemi agenesis of Thyroid in a case (0.8%). Most common developmental anomaly of Thyroid was Thyroglossal duct cyst followed by Thyroid Ectopia. All midline neck swellings should be evaluated for Developmental anomalies of Thyroid to plan appropriate management.